Analytical Summaries Essay - 675 Words

Debra Crawford 2/4/2012 Predictive Probes Summary Nancy Wexler’s Mother died of Huntington’s disease it is hereditary, fatal, and happens in midlife. Ms. Wexler is a 38 year old woman and is the president of the Hereditary Disease Foundation. She is not sure of her own fate in life, because she doesn’t know whether she has inherited the same deadly gene that killed her mother. The uncertainty could be solved by a test to see if she has inherited the deadly gene. Nancy is in a dilemma within herself whether she wants to have the test done to find out if she has the gene. She is not sure if she wants to know the outcome of the test because it could show that she is going to die. The test to detect the Huntington’s†¦show more content†¦New test tells whom a crippling disease will hit – and When Summary Amy Jo Snider is a senior in college that has put her life on hold to find out her destiny for life. Amy is only 21 years of age and because of research will be able t o have a test to find out how soon and hard the disease will hit her if she inherited it. While she is on her Christmas break she plans to have a test to see if she has inherited ataxia disease. That disease is one without a cure that destroys brain cells that govern muscle control. Ataxia crippled her father and later was the cause for his death at middle age. Amy wants to be tested for the disease because to her the not knowing is worse than dealing with the problems. She wants to find out before she starts to show signs of symptoms of the disease so she will know how to deal with it. She is a young adult that is graduating soon that needs to know how to start planning the rest of her life after graduation. She said that it is not fair to others around her if she is in limbo about her future. Identify the author’s use of the three elements: experiment, correlation, and speculation to support assertions. 1. Analyze how the author signals the use of these elements through language. For example, word choices, transitions, or logical connections The Author of this article uses the elements through logical connections and word choices. The Author uses wordShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analytical Summaries4643 Words   |  19 PagesPlease read all instructions before beginning the assignment so you do not miss any grading components. The completed tutorial should be posted no later than NOON on Sunday November 20th. Analytical Summaries - For this assignment, you will compose two short critical essays explaining and evaluating arguments by other authors. This assignment allows you to analyze an issue from a variety of perspectives and assess arguments for or against the issue. By focusing your attention on how the originalRead MoreAnalytical Summaries of Some Articles2004 Words   |  8 PagesAnalytical Summaries Allen, Nancy A. 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After the Order of Melchizedek Free Essays

Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies Theological Seminary â€Å"After the Order of Melchizedek† A Term Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Course: THST 619 Doctrine of the Sanctuary by Ralph D Bock October 2009 Table of Contents CHAPTER 11 INTRODUCTION1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY4 DELIMITATION5 METHODOLOGY5 CHAPTER 27 TYPOLOGY OF JESUS AND MELCHIZEDEK7 WHAT IS TYPOLOGY? 7 WHO IS MELCHIZEDEK? 8 AFTER THE ORDER OF MELCHIZEDEK10 CHAPTER 316 SUMMARY, FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION16 BIBLIOGRAPHY19 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION WHAT IS THE MEANING OF THE PHRASE â€Å"AFTER THE ORDER OF MELCHIZEDEK? † PSALM 110 SPEAKS ABOUT A PERSON WHO IS A KING AND A PRIEST, BUT IN THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL THERE WAS NEVER SUCH A KING. IT COULD BE THAT THE PSALM SPEAKS ABOUT A FUTURE KING-PRIEST. IT IS OBVIOUS THAT IT DEALS NOT WITH A HISTORICAL KING, BUT WITH THE MESSIAH. We will write a custom essay sample on After the Order of Melchizedek or any similar topic only for you Order Now [1] The prediction of Jesus’ priesthood according to the order of Melchizedek indicated that the Aaronic priesthood was transitory (Heb 7 verses 11–14), and imperfect—that is, salvation from sin—was not possible through the Aaronic priesthood. This meant that God intended to change the priestly law, making it possible for one who was not a descendant of Aaron to become a High Priest. Once the new High Priest after the order of Melchizedek arrived, the typical priesthood would end (verses 15–19). Christ became priest, not on the basis of genealogical ties, but by a divine declaration. His priesthood is permanent because His life is indestructible. [2] This is called in biblical theology typology. Whether or not typology can legitimately be embraced in the interpretation of certain messianic prophecies is by far the most controversial question. One area of OT typology was that of typical individuals who served as prototypes both of other individuals within the OT and of Christ; in addition, the Melchizedek of Genesis 14:18-20 served as an individual type of the Messiah within the OT, as evinced in Psalm 110:4; and that the author of the Book of Hebrews utilized the Melchizedekian typology already employed within the OT canon to further his arguments for the supremacy of the priesthood of Jesus to that of the Levites. [3] Matthew Henry and et al. reference to Hebrew 7. that Melchizedek met Abraham returning from the rescue of Lot, Melchizedek’s name, â€Å"King of Righteousness,† doubtless suitable to his character, marked him as a type of the Messiah and his kingdom. The name of his city signified â€Å"Peace;† and as King of Peace he typified Christ, the Prince of Peace, the great Reconciler of God and man. Nothing is recorded as to the beginning or end of his life; thus he typically resembled the Son of God, whose existence is from everlasting to everlasting, who had no one that was before Him, and will have no one come after Him, in His priesthood. Every part of Scripture honors the great King of Righteousness and Peace, our glorious High Priest and Savior; and the more we examine it, the more we shall be convinced, that the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy. [4] There are strong parallels between Melchizedek and Jesus: both are the Sons of God, priest of the Order of Melchizedek, King of Righteous, King of Peace, appointed by God, eternal priesthood, and preexistent. Statement of the Problem The problem this paper espouses is embodied in the questions: What was so special about the order of Melchizedek? Why would God juxtapose the order of Melchizedek to that of Jesus if there where no credence to it? Significance of the study The study is significant because it will explore the intertextual study of Melchizedek in relation to Jesus Christ. The study is vital because it will contribute to the knowledge of bringing to focus the importance of Jesus’ priesthood as superior and more elevating and able to meet the needs of God’s people during the closing days of earth’s history. Purpose of the Study The main thrust of this paper is to provide a clearer view of the superior and excellent perception of Jesus’ priesthood as efficacious enough for the people of God. In reality, Jesus Christ is the only true priestly mediator between God and the human race. The priesthoods of Aaron and Melchizedek serve only as role models of Christ’s effective ministry. â€Å"For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself as a ransom for all, the testimony to which was borne at the proper time† (1 Tim. 2:5,6). [5] Delimitation The paper will be delimited to the few pericopes about Melchizedek in Genesis 14, Psalm 110 and the letter to the Hebrews chapter 7. Methodology This is a qualitative research that describes Melchizedek and Jesus’ priesthood from Jewish and Christian sources. Chapter 1 is a description of the introduction that includes the significance of study, purpose and the delimitation of the research. Chapter 2 contains the literature review that extrapolates sources from Jewish, Christian, and non-Christian literature to expound on Melchizedek and Jesus’ priesthood as relevant to the plan of salvation. Chapter 3 is the conclusion with the focus on the summary and findings of the research work. Chapter 2 TYPOLOGY OF JESUS AND MELCHIZEDEK WHAT IS TYPOLOGY? Exactly what is a type? Theologically speaking, a type may be defined as â€Å"a figure or ensample of something future and more or less prophetic, called the ‘Antitype’†. [6] Muenscher says a type is â€Å"the preordained representative relation which certain persons, events, and institutions of the Old Testament bear to corresponding persons, events, and institutions in the New†. 7] Wick Broomall has a concise statement that is helpful: â€Å"A type is a shadow cast on the pages of the Old Testament history by a truth whose full embodiment or antitype is found in the New Testament revelation†. [8] We would, in summary, suggest the following definition, which we paraphrase from Terry: A type is a real, exalted happening in history which was divinely ordained by the omniscient God to be a prophetic picture of the good things which he purposed to bring to fruition in Christ Jesus. Who is Melchizedek? The identification of Melchizedek has been highly debated in the history of the church. Jewish tradition has identified Melchizedek with Shem, the son of Noah who, after the chronology in Genesis, survived the flood and lived at a time when Abraham was alive and was his contemporary for a hundred years. Christian tradition has proposed different interpretations to identify who Melchizedek was. Origen said that Melchizedek was an angel. Others have proposed that he was the Holy Spirit in human form. Many Christians, ancient and contemporary, have said that this is a classical example of a Christophany in the Old Testament, that is, Melchizedek was Jesus Christ himself, who appeared to Abraham in human form. The concept of Christophany should be rejected because it contradicts the statement in the book of Hebrews that Jesus was designated a Priest after the order of Melchizedek. If Melchizedek was Christ then how could Christ himself become a Priest in the likeness of Melchizedek? [9] Ellen White wrote in the Review and Herald that it was Christ that spoke through Melchizedek, the priest of the Most High God. Melchizedek was not Christ, but he was the voice of God in the world, the representative of the Father. And all through the generations of the past, Christ has spoken; Christ has led His people, and has been the light of the world. [10] Another view is that Melchizedek was a type of Christ. The typological interpretation suggests that the priesthood of Melchizedek was a type of Christ’s priesthood. As Melchizedek was a priest of the Most High God, so was Jesus. As Melchizedek was a king, so was Jesus. Both Melchizedek and Jesus were royal priests. In the persons of Melchizedek and Jesus the offices of priest and king were combined. For this paper we are going to focus on the view that Melchizedek was a type of Jesus. After The Order of Melchizedek The Lord has sworn and will not change his mind: You are a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek (Ps 110,4). Unlike the ordinary priests, for whom it was possible to be of priestly descent and yet not actually function as priests (cf. Deut 18,6-8; Lev 21,17-23), the priesthood of Jesus priest was sworn unto Him by God Himself to be after the order of Melchizedek. He was not of any priestly descent inasmuch as he was not of the tribe of Levi, nor was he a priest in the sense of someone who was actually employed as a sanctuary attendant and was carrying out sanctuary duties on a day-to-day basis. However, his priesthood was more permanent and enduring than that of any other priest, since whether or not he was functioning in the sanctuary and ‘doing the job’ of priest, he was by definition a mediator between people and deity for the rest of his life. [11] Christ was a priest of God after the â€Å"order of Melchizedek† (Psalm 110:4; Hebrews 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:11,17). The word â€Å"order† (taxis) signifies an â€Å"arrangement. † In this connection, it means â€Å"of similar arrangement,† i. e. , the nature of, or â€Å"just like Melchizedek†. The meaning is this: in some sense the kingly-priesthood of Jesus would be similar in nature to that of Melchizedek. Note the reference to Psalm 110:4 above, and observe that Christ made the application of this Psalm to Himself in Matthew 22:43-45[12] It was not that Melchizedek was â€Å"without father, without mother† literally, or that he had no genealogical background. No, the truth being conveyed was this. Whereas the Aaronic priesthood resulted from being a part of a family line, i. e. , the descendants of Aaron, Moses’ brother, the priesthood of Melchizedek was bestowed directly by God. And it was precisely in this manner that the Lord Jesus was appointed as our High Priest; he did not inherit it by means of a physical lineage (cf. Hebrews 7:14). [13] In the Letter to the Hebrews, the author uses the figure of Melchizedek in his reflection on the salvation-historical significance of Jesus’ life. Although there are probably original elements to his use of Melchizedek, much of what he affirms about Melchizedek is parallel or similar to what is found in Jesus. The author uses the view that his readers had about Melchizedek for the purpose of proving the superiority of Jesus’ High Priesthood to that of Aaron and his descendents. His goal is to demonstrate that Christ’s death brings the Levitical sacrificial system to an end. The figure of Melchizedek sees the unification of king and high priest into one individual. These two offices were separated in the Mosaic covenant and also later in the Davidic covenant. Moses led the people whereas Aaron his brother founded a high-priestly order; later, when God swore to David that he would establish his dynasty forever, the high priesthood belonged to the family of Zadok, who was a priest (from the line of Aaron). Melchizedek, in the author’s view, prefigures the unification of two offices in one person, which should come to pass in the â€Å"last days. † To be a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek is to be both king and priest. And as I may so say, Levi also, who receiveth tithes, payed tithes in Abraham. 0 For he was yet in the loins of his father, when Melchizedek met him. Abraham, the father of the Levites and the nation of Israel, paid tithes to Melchizedek and because of that, through Abraham, Levi also paid tithes to Melchizedek, so to speak. In doing so, not only was Melchizedek greater than Abraham, but greater than Levi and the priesthood that bore his name. If therefore perfection were by the Levitical prie sthood, for under it the people received the law, what further need was there that another priest should rise after the order of Melchizedek, and not be called after the order of Aaron? The writer, having established the superiority of the priestly ministry of Melchizedek over the Levitical priesthood, now shows the superiority of the priestly ministry of Christ Jesus over both. Perfection, as we have seen in this paper, refers to salvation. Perfection is the New Testament sacrifice; it is salvation through the sacrifice of Christ, and the completeness of His entire work for the believer. In addition if the Levitical priesthood and the Mosaic Law could bring a person into salvation, reconciliation and access to God, then there was no need for another priest to come after the order of Melchizedek. The fact that there was one who came after the order of Melchizedek proved the failure of the Levitical priesthood and the Mosaic Law to provide a complete and comprehensive salvation that only Christ, our great High Priest, provides. It means that Christ was not a High Priest, as in Aaronic and the Levitical order (according to the law of Moses). The High Priesthood of Jesus Christ is of a higher order! Christ was and is a High Priest as Melchizedek; and not as Aaron or Levi. Note the following: 1. Melchizedek’s position as High Priest was not dependent on ancestry†¦ either was Christ’s. (7:14). 2. Melchizedek was not in a succession of many priests†¦ neither is Christ. (7:3). 3. Melchizedek’s priesthood was higher than and separate from the Levitical order†¦ so is Christ’s. (7:4-7). ? 4. Melchizedek was priest and king†¦ so is Christ! (See Zech. 6:9-15). 5. Melchizedek received tribute from Abraham, the father of the Jewish nation; th is shows the superiority of Melchizedek’s priesthood above the Levitical (which came out of the loins of Abraham). {See Gen. 14:18-20 with Heb. 7:4}[14]. Chapter 3 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION THIS CHAPTER DISCUSSES THE SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH. Summary The replacing of the old priesthood with the eternal priesthood of Christ also meant a replacement of the Old Covenant with the New Covenant, which was required. All of this was set up, executed and revealed by God, for the purpose of convincing the Jews – their old Levitical priesthood was now history. And it means that we have a High Priest and access to God! â€Å"For such a high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens. Who needed not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people; for this he did once, when he offered up himself. † (Heb. 7:26-27). â€Å"Wherefore, he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever lived to make intercession for them,† (Heb. 7:25). Conclusion A careful reading of Hebrews 7 provides a lens for understanding the rest of the letter. Christ’s priesthood, its efficacy and our response, is the main theme of the letter, and this is expounded carefully in chap. 7, via the vehicle of Melchizedek. In the form of true Hebrew poetics, repetitions of references to Melchizedek lead the reader on a hermeneutical journey. However, also in good Hebrew form, what is left unsaid explicitly also colors the reading and understanding and makes the possibilities for interpretation even richer. [15] Recommendations After a careful analysis of the juxtaposition position of the Melchizedek’s priesthood and Priesthood of Christ, this paper proposes the following recommendation for further research: In examining the priesthood of Christ, does grace have any antecedents? What has Christ to offer up for the perfection of His Priesthood in heaven? Does Christ Priesthood offer any hope of salvation to the sinner? Bibliography BIRD, CHAD L. 2000. â€Å"TYPOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION WITHIN THE OLD TESTAMENT: MELCHIZEDEKIAN TYPOLOGY. † CONCORDIA JOURNAL 26. Booij, Thijs. â€Å"Psalm 110: â€Å"rule in the midst of your foes! † Vetus testamentum 41, no. 4 October 1991. Broomall, Wick. 1960. Baker Dictionary of Theology. Everett F. Harrison, Geoffrey W. Bromiley, and Carl F. H. Henry, eds. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker. Bullinger, E. W. 1968. Figures of Speech Used in the Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker. Coleran, James E. The sacrifice of Melchisedech. † Theological Studies 1, no. 1 February 1940. Danker, et al. , Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, Chicago: University of Chicago, 2000. Dunnill John, Covenant and sacrifice in the Letter to the Hebrews. SNTS 75; Cambridge, CUP, 1992. Edwardson, C â€Å"Bible facts concerning the Sanctuary and the Judgement†, Maplewood Press. Fitzmyer, Joseph A. â€Å"Now this Melchizedek† (Heb 7:1). † Catholic Biblical Quarterly 25, no. 3,July 1963. Gane, Roy â€Å"Altar Call† Daidem, 1999. Kobelski, P J. â€Å"The Melchizedek tradition. † Journal of Biblical Literature 96, no. 4 December 1977. Lefler, Nathan. The Melchizedek traditions in the Letter to the Hebrews: reading through the eyes of an inspired Jewish-Christian author. † Pro Ecclesia 16, no. 1,2007. Mariottini Claude, A Priest after the order of Melchizedek, Professor of Old Testament, Northern Baptist Seminary. Mason, Eric Farrel. â€Å"Hebrews 7:3 and the relationship between Melchizedek and Jesus. † Biblical Research 50 2005. Neyrey, Jerome H. â€Å"Without beginning of days or end of life† Hebrews 7:3 : topos for a true deity. † Catholic Biblical Quarterly 53, no. 3 July 1991. Paul, M J. â€Å"The order of Melchizedek Ps 110:4 and Heb 7:3. † Westminster Theological Journal 49, no. Spr 1987. Petuchowski, Jakob Josef. â€Å"The controversial figure of Melchizedek. † Hebrew Union College Annual 28, 1957. Review and Harold, Feb. 18, 1890. Rooke, D. W. , Kingship as Priesthood: The Relationship between the High Priesthood and the Monarchy, King and Messiah in Israel and the Ancient Near East. JSOTSS 270; Sheffield 1998. Songer, Harold S. â€Å"A superior priesthood : Hebrews 4:14-7:27. † Review Expositor 82, no. 3 Sum 1985. Terry, M. S. 1890. Biblical Hermeneutics. New York, NY: Eaton Mains. Thompson, James W. â€Å"Conceptual background and purpose of the Midrash in Hebrews 7. † Novum testamentum 19, no. July 1977. Walter R. Roehrs, â€Å"The Typological Use of the Old Testament in the New Testament,† Concordia Journal 10,1984: 204-216; William J. Hassold, â€Å"Rectilinear or Typological Interpretation of Messianic Prophecy? † Concordia Theological Monthly 38,1967. Warren E. Berkley, http://www. bi ble. ca/ef/expository-Hebrews-7. htm Were, Louis F. â€Å"The blotting out of sins† ———————– [1] Paul, M J. â€Å"The order of Melchizedek (Ps 110:4 and Heb 7:3). â€Å"Westminster Theological Journal 49, no. 1 (Spring 1987): 195-211. [2]Raoul. Dederen, vol. 12, Handbook of Seventh-Day Adventist Theology, (electronic ed. Logos Library System; Commentary Reference Series Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 2001, c2000), 390. [3]Bird, Chad L. 2000. â€Å"Typological Interpretation Within the Old Testament: Melchizedekian Typology† Concordia Journal 26, no. 1: 36-52. [4]Matthew Henry and Thomas Scott, Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary, (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, 1997), Heb 7:1. [5]Dederen, Raoul, vol. 12, Handbook of Seventh-Day Adventist Theology, (electronic ed. , Logos Library System; Commentary Reference Series Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 2001, c2000), 390. [6] Bullinger, E. W. 1968. Figures of Speech Used in the Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker. [7] Terry, M. S. 1890. Biblical Hermeneutics. New York, NY: Eaton Mains. [8] Broomall, Wick. 1960. Baker Dictionary of Theology. Everett F. Harrison, Geoffrey W. Bromiley, and Carl F. H. Henry, eds. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker. [9] Mariottini Claude, A Priest after the order of Melchizedek, Professor of Old Testament, Northern Baptist Seminary. [10] Review and Harold, Feb. 18, 1890. [11] D. W. ROOKE, Kingship as Priesthood: The Relationship between the High Priesthood and the Monarchy, King and Messiah in Israel and the Ancient Near East. JSOTSS 270; Sheffield 1998. [12] Danker, et al. , Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament,[pic] Chicago: University of Chicago, 2000, 989. [13] D. W. ROOKE, Kingship as Priesthood: The Relationship between the High Priesthood and the Monarchy, King and Messiah in Israel and the Ancient Near East. JSOTSS 270; Sheffield 1998. [14] Warren E. Berkley http://www. bible. ca/ef/expository-hebrews-7. htm [15] John Dunnill, Covenant and sacrifice in the Letter to the Hebrews. SNTS 75; Cambridge, CUP, 1992, How to cite After the Order of Melchizedek, Essay examples

Defining the Humanities free essay sample

Many of these musical terms and concepts that were developed in this era are still being used today (Firer, 2011). The baroque periods was recognized for their order and elaborate culture and polished nature. All of these characteristics are very apparent from listening to the works of Antonio Vivaldi , Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frederic Handel. (Firer, 2011) Comparison of other Art Forms When the music that was heard at the orchestra performance was compared to there music from that same era along with other architecture or paintings it was noticed that all bore similar attributes.These attributes include but are not limited to being flamboyant, and elaborately ornamental with extensive ornamentation and detail (Firer, 2011). The music from the baroque era was centered around the needs of churches, which at that time relied on the theatrical attributes of art to make Ownership more appealing and attractive. The art, sculpture and painting from the arouse era also showed the artists passion for intricacy and beauty. We will write a custom essay sample on Defining the Humanities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such painting and other art forms such as sculptures include works created by Rembrandt, Velazquez, and Poisson (Firer, 2011). Architecture includes elaborate buildings and churches and one of the most elaborate of this era is Versailles Palace in France. Conclusion Europe underwent several periods dating back from the medieval era to the present. The medieval era ended and ushered in the Renaissance era.

Linking vision and change Essay Example

Linking vision and change Essay Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Linking vision and change specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Linking vision and change specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Linking vision and change specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Linking Vision and Change For success to be achieved in the change program of an organization, several factors of management should be considered. This consideration is vital for it recognizes all the aspects in management thus bringing a solution on the individual factors that have been affected by the change. Management comprises of the activities, which ensure that resources are utilized well in order to bring the desired output in an organization. For the management to realize effective good change in any program, â€Å"it should focus on the areas that are commonly functional in the organization† (Palmer, Richard, and Gib 347). Vision is one important element of change in an organization that enables the ability of keeping the life of the objectives of the business. The vision should be well explained in the organization through offering detailed information to the organization. It is important to pass the vision to the employees correctly thus influencing them and showing them the benefits that will be realized when the vision is accomplished. The vision incorporates the goals of the organization. In the setting of these goals, the organization should involve the shareholders and other interested parties thus by engaging them, it offers them a role in the long-run accomplishment of the goal. The effort that is applied in realizing the goals should be directly concentrated on the important issues. The goals should be related to the strategic plans of the organization hence linking of ideas in the business. In addition, the effort should be measurable in order to apply the same details in the future. Through this procedure, the management is able to establish continual success in the goals’ accomplishment. Engagement of all parties is another key to success in achieving change in any program. This caters for the consideration of the top position and the hierarchy of leadership in the organization. Performance in any organization depends on the relationship that exists between the concerned parties and the management. This is because, if there is any disagreement, then nothing will be accomplished due to the conflict of ideas. Therefore, there should be cohesion in the organization in order to foster the change that is required in the organization. In this case, the leader should be influential in such a way that he or she has the ability to engage all the employees in the decision making process. The corporate decision-making is important for it provides evaluation of many decisions hence coming up with the best decision. The mutual concession in decision-making is important for it enables the unity in achieving the common goal. In addition, for a program change to be achieved, the wor kers should be motivated through either incentives or appraisal in their positions (Palmer, Richard, and Gib 352). Definite roles should be assigned to the parties involved in the revolution program in order to achieve the desired change. This is done with the effect of making each party responsible in the task that each is assigned to do. In the midst of executing these tasks, the concept of division and specialization of labor is important to facilitate efficient and quality success. It also entails the use of talents that are applied by the employees in the areas they are best in performing. In this case, the role of each party is recognized and appreciated thus becoming a motivating factor in the process of bringing change in the program. It is also significant to allow the parties involved to exercise their competency in performance when they are assigned a particular role to play in the organization. Training is another requirement for bringing change in the business program. This involves organizing seminars that are headed by outstanding qualified persons who enable passing of proficient knowledge to the employees. Training is vital for it facilitates information on the current trends in the management. Consequently, the changing technology has brought many changes in business administration through affecting the methods of management. Therefore, training is significant in enabling the employees to adjust to the modern way of management and in business transactions. Thus, the change in the organization is achieved when people are trained on the changes that have been implemented. For a successful change of program in the business to be achieved, the roles of management should be applied. Setting of achievable goals is a vital factor in facilitating change because once the goal is achieved, the change occurs. Involving all the parties interested in the decision-making is important for it facilitates the selection of good decisions and solutions in the business organization. In addition, training plays an important role in ensuring proper business ethics are passed efficiently and the emerging trends in the business are adopted. Works Cited Palmer, Ian, Richard Dunford and Gib Akin. Managing Organizational Change: A Multiple Perspectives Approach. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009. Print.

Are Credit Cards Money If Not, Why Are They So Popular What General

Are Credit Cards Money If Not, Why Are They So Popular What General Are Credit Cards Money If Not, Why Are They So Popular What General Impact Do They Have On An – Article Example Are Credit Cards Money? No, credit card is not a form of money; rather it is a loan, which a bank gives to a to make purchases. â€Å"Using a credit card is a form of borrowing: you have to pay the money back† (Anonymous, n.d.). They are popular because they facilitate people in making purchases without using money. One of the main reasons behind increased popularity of credit cards is safety. Money in the pocket increases chances of robbery or stealing. When a person has a credit card, he/she does not need to keep money in the pocket while shopping; rather he/she just needs to put a credit card in the pocket for shopping or for any other purpose. â€Å"Credit cards have traditionally been considered a way for households to postpone the cost of goods† (Randall, 2010).Credit cards put a negative impact on the overall economy. Although credit cards facilitate people in buying things without having money in the pocket, they lead to inflation, which is not considered good f or the economy. Credit cards lower the value of money while increasing the viability. For users, they make things more expensive because of the raise in the interest rates that banks charge from credit card holders. They make the economic system of a country flooded with cash and debts. Sellers increase the prices of the products, which reduces the value of money that a person has in the savings account. Therefore, we can say that use of credit cards put an adverse impact on the economy of a country.ReferencesAnonymous. (n.d.). Credit Cards. Retrieved from http://ftc.gov/bcp/edu/microsites/moneymatters/credit-cards.shtmlRandall, D. (2010). How Credit Cards Hurt the Economy. Retrieved from forbes.com/sites/moneybuilder/2010/04/27/how-credit-cards-hurt-the-economy/

Anti-Inflammatory Drug Tests

Anti-Inflammatory Drug Tests The method described by Lorke with slight modification was used to determine the safety of the MEA. Briefly, normal healthy male mice were divided into groups of five mice in each cage. MEA (100 and 1000 mg/kg) or vehicle were intraperitoneally administered. Access to food and water, toxic symptoms and the general behavior of mice were observed continuously for 1 h after the treatment, intermittently for 4 h, and thereafter over a period of 24 h. The mice were further observed for up to 14 days following treatment for any signs of toxicity and mortality. Result Over the study duration of 14 days, there were no deaths recorded in the groups of mice given 100 or 1000 mg/kg IP of MEA. During the observation period, MEA administration did not induce any variations in the general appearance or toxic signs in the animals. The writhing test has long been used as a screening tool for the assessment of analgesic or anti-inflammatory properties of new substances (Collier et al., 1968). This m ethod presents a good sensitivity, although it has poor specificity. To avoid misinterpretation of the results, in the present study the antinociceptive effects of MEA were confirmed in the formalin test, a model of inflammatory pain which has two distinctive phases which may indicate different types of pain (Hunskaar and Hole, 1987). The early and late phases of formalin test have obvious differential properties, and therefore this test is useful not only for assessing the analgesic substances, but also for elucidating the mechanism of analgesia (Shibata et al., 1989). The early phase,  named non-inflammatory pain, is a result of direct stimulation of nociceptors and reflects centrally-mediated pain; the late phase,  named inflammatory pain, is caused by local inflammation with a release of inflammatory and hyperalgesic mediators (Hunskaar  and Hole, 1987). The thermal model of the tail-flick test is considered to be a spinal reflex, but could also involve higher neural struc tures, and therefore this method identifies mainly central analgesics (Jensen and Yaksh, 1986; Le Bars et al., 2001). Due to their implication in virtually all human and animal diseases, inflammation and pain have become the focus of global scientific research. Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids have necessitated the search for new drugs with minimal side effects (Dharmasiri et al.,2003; Vittalrao et al., 2011). The current trend of research is the investigation of medicines of plant origin because of their affordability and accessibility with minimal side effects. The thermal model of the tail-flick test is considered to be a spinal reflex, but could also involve higher neural structures, and therefore this method identifies mainly central analgesics (Jensen and Yaksh, 1986; Le Bars et al., 2001). The analgesic activity of Cyathula prostrata in this study was investigated using the hot plate and mouse writhing tests. The hot plate test is useful for the evaluation of centrally acting analgesics which are known to elevate the pain threshold of mice towards  heat (Hiruma-Lima et al., 2000). It also indicates narcotic involvement with opioid receptor (Turner, 1965). The writhing model is a sensitive method for screening peripheral analgesic efficacy agents and it is more sensitive to non-steroidal analgesics (Collier et al., 1963). The analgesic effect of acetic acid is due to the liberation and increased level of several mediators such as histamine and serotonin which act by stimulation of peripheral nociceptive neurons (Cui et al., 2010).

Discussion-WK4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion-WK4 - Essay Example His proposal approves that the solution works. He has also included an analysis of the plan and the possible results. Karen’s argument will absolutely suit her programs but will require the approval and consideration of others. She does everything to convince her boss that her idea is the best. She is not over confident that her idea will be approved and so she offers her idea put to test which is a good quality of a proposal. Proposal on nurse shortage has had a pre-test with reasons highlighted. It provides the reader with relevant facts making it meaningful and convincing. The thesis statements of the essays are effective because they assure the reader that the problems can be surely be solved effectively. Everything in the proposals has revolved around the problem and the effective ways to solve them. The opening paragraphs of the essays are effective since they have outlined the area of discussion in the essays. The reader can get the important information that is needed for the final decision. The ideas are not concealed between needless words. The points to be put across are to the point and clear. Generally, they have clearly stated the purpose of the proposal at the beginning. The closing sentences as expected should depart with a discussion resolved. The essays do not have repetition of sentences unless for words that requires emphasis. Request for schedule change has shorter paragraphs of one sentence each. The paragraphs are wordy and require reviewing. An example is the paragraph that proposes the schedule the reasons for her proposal should have had each reason on each paragraph. This is the way everyone can understand your points. It also makes the proposal look perfect and attractive irrespective of the content (Trimble,

Immigration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Immigration - Research Paper Example Even though a lot of people may not like immigrants because they are putting them out of jobs, immigrants in this economy today are helping to keep inflation low, improve housing values, and benefit taxpayers (Martin, 2007, 3). In other words, immigration helps provide an increase to the U.S. economy. The only people that are really being hurt right now by immigrants are those people without high school degrees (Gelfand and Yee, 2009, 6). Every year they fight against immigrants for jobs and their wages just seem to keep getting lower. Hence, if more immigrants continue to enter each year seeking jobs, it decreases the amount of work available. Immigrants who see their relatives and friends leading a better life than what they were living before, especially of the Hispanic and Latino backgrounds, come to the United States and try to follow their example, but somehow, everyone isn’t that lucky to survive illegally without falling into the hands of the local mafia network, and in the end they become robbers, and gangsters, and also to compliment their pathetic situations are the current foreign policy of America, that allows illegal migrants to get weapons at ease. When immigration is thought of many people may think of it as being a negative effect, but not all people feel that way. Some people still feel that immigrants have little effect on the American economy because there are still not enough of them to influence this country’s economy (Martin, 2007, 4). These people see immigrants as a net benefit to America because they should be paying taxes, using services in moderation, helping drive business development through their own entrepreneurial behavior, keeping industries here in the U.S. that could have relocated overseas, and they take the normal low-paying jobs that U.S. citizens do not want. Various reports show that immigration continues to shape the New York City. Immigrant

Sleep Disorders Essay Example for Free

Sleep Disorders Essay Nightmares are bad dreams occurring during REM sleep. Children experience nightmares more than adults because they spend most of their sleep in REM sleep. Nightmares can be physical such as sleeping in an uncomfortable position, having a fever, or psychological causes such as stress, anxiety, and ingestion of drugs used in pain killers such as oxycodone and hydrocodone. REM behavior disorder is a disorder where the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares. These behaviors can be violent in nature and sometimes can cause injury to either the patient or their bed partnerIt usually occur to men over 60 of age. Sleepwalking also known as somnambulism is an episode of moving around or walking around in one’s sleep. They arise from a slow wave sleep stage in a state of low consciousness and perform activities that are usually performed during a state of full consciousness. It’s common in childhood and occurs more in boys than girls. Most children grow out of their sleepwalking by adolescent age. Night terrors is when a person experiences extreme fear and screams or run around during deep sleep without waking up fully. Sleep terrors usually begins between ages 3 and 12 years and then usually gone during adolescence. In adults they most commonly occur between the ages of 20 to 30. Insomnia is the inability to get to sleep stay sleep or get a good quality of sleep . The cause of insomnia can be psychological and physiological. Those who are having trouble sleeping sometimes turn to sleeping pills, which can help when used occasionally but may lead to dependence or addiction if used regularly for an extended period. Insomnia can occur at any age, but it is particularly common in the elderly. It can lead to memory problems, depression, irritability, an increased risk of heart disease and automobile related accidents. Sleep apnea is when a person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more. Sleep apnea is a leading cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. Most people who have sleep apnea dont know they have it. A family member or bed partner might be the one to notice signs of sleep apnea. Untreated sleep apnea can increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart attacks, stroke, obesity, and diabetes, increase the risk of heart failure, and irregular heartbeats.

Analysis of Brave New World by Aldous Huxley Essay -- Brave New World

Analysis of Brave New World by Aldous Huxley Brave New World by Aldous Huxley was published in 1932 after two major global events- World War Two from 1914-1918 and The Great Depression of 1929-1933. These two events changed the way people saw the world and made people see the events were beyond the control of individuals and even governments. Also at this time the world was seeing the rise in technology and the view that science could help solve some of the problems. Much of the technology has been developed because of the war and the mass of people had suffered because of it. All problems with society led to a rise in totalitarian regimes such as those in Russia, Italy and Germany. Huxley uses the novel to question the usefulness of the one party state and shows how it eliminates freedom for the individual. Also in his dystopia, he looks at many areas that we have in our own society such as family, relationships, education, social classes and the role of the individual in society. He shows how far the new world has moved away from nature- they even condition the children to avoid it. The reservation is the only place that has nature and spirituality but it also has its own set of problems that come with freedom. Themes In The Wild: In BNW nature has been eliminated in the ‘civilised’ world and individuals are conditioned to avoid it. For example, in chapter 2, we see babies who crawl towards flowers and books and are conditioned to avoid them by noise, bells and electric shocks. The children are being conditioned because ‘A love of nature keeps no factories busy’. We see the psychological training show its effect in Lenina’s reaction to any form of the natural world. For example, her reaction ... ... Sebastian is brilliant but alone; Deckard is alone as is Tyrell who is symbolically a ‘God’ and is the most powerful man in the film. Even people on the street seem hurried and alienated, struggling to survive. Their attitude to nature is non-existent because for most people the natural world doesn’t exist anymore. Some individuals, like replicants, carry memories but nothing real seems to exist. People relationship with and attitudes to nature is complex in both BNW and BR. In the BNW individuals who live in the city are conditioned to hate nature and this is life long. Those that live on the Reservation struggle to survive and nature is a complex and difficult part of their lives. The setting in BR has eliminated the natural world and consumed all of its resources. The people have little or no nature to relate to and these determine their attitude.

Culture Art and Technology Essay

Among figures of religion, Mahatma Gandhi, Mohammed, and Siddhartha Gautama are some of the prominent individuals who have shared before the world their religious experiences with respect to their own religion. Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism have all received a great amount of fundamental advancement from the ideas and actions of these important individuals. Not only did they help shape the very religion they are attached to—they established it like no other. Yet even though their beliefs and characters are particularly unique from one another being human examples of the tradition in which they are a part of, they still hold one common strand—they all had religious experiences that were influenced by their family ties, geographical location and cultural background to name a few. Through the course of the years, history tells us that the raids later evolved into a struggle motivated by religious grounding— believers against non-believers. This indicates the idea that the spiritual experiences and conquests of Mohammed hold a central position in defining the religious practices of Muslims. While Gandhi espouses peaceful and non-violent methods in attaining the causes of Hinduism, Mohammed and Islam’s concept of jihad adopts the idea that religion itself can be the primary reason for engaging in violent measures in order to further the goal of Islam. Nevertheless, the fact remains that Mohammed’s role in the development of Islam as an established religion in many countries separated by geographical boundaries is crucial inasmuch as it cannot be denied. The same holds true for Siddhartha Gautama whose reputation in the religion of Buddhism is greatly acknowledged as essential both by believers and academic scholars. As Herman Hesse suggests, Siddhartha espouses the idea that, for one to know one’s quest in life, it is imperative to find the source from within and not from without, like a â€Å"flowing river† that attracts â€Å"a deep love for this flowing water† (Hesse 100). Introspection, or an inner contemplation, is one of the main precepts being pushed forward by Siddhartha which further suggests the idea that each individual must take time to isolate one’s self from others in order to be able to focus and to introspect. This idea can be rooted from one of Siddhartha’s life-transforming moments. The religious experience of Siddhartha began after his encounter with a sick man, a poor man, a beggar and a corpse that revealed unto him the idea that humanity is filled with sorrow brought about by the sufferings in life . Being isolated away from the outside world after being confined within his home for almost the entire duration of his early years, Siddhartha began to realize the deeper side of life after the experience. He decided to leave behind his previous lifestyle and pursued, instead, a life of intense asceticism. However, Siddhartha realized that to live one’s life is to neither live in excessive abundance of wealth and material possessions nor in extreme plainness after overhearing a teacher discussing music. In the end, he pursed the Middle Way, or the way of life that takes the middle path instead of the extremes . These aspects hold the key to understanding the Buddhists’ primary religious experience which is significantly felt, at least in modern times, in the social context of teaching others the way of living life in the Middle Path through a life of internal contemplation or personal reflection. As Siddhartha dedicated his life to pursuing the Middle Path after his yogic meditations, followers of the Buddhist religion later on adopted this method as one of the cornerstones or identities of their group. This suggests the idea that the religious experience of Buddhists in general is strongly tied to a personal level as its most basic foundation. Manifested through yogic meditations, Buddhist monks of today incorporate in their daily lives these principles . Moreover, it can be observed that Islam calls for a life that is centered on Allah while Hinduism, as exemplified by the life of Gandhi, calls for a life that should be dedicated towards the lives of others . It is religious imperative in Islam that Muslims should direct their lives towards revering Allah in every thought and action and that, correspondingly, the religious experience of every Muslim should all the more reflect their strong attachment to Allah (Boyd 69). As Mohammed himself is the foremost Muslim who has been able to fully actualize this thought, it remained an integral part in the lives of the millions of Muslims all around the world. This incorporates the idea that the religious experience of a single individual—the prophet Mohammed—has greatly affected the succeeding generations that came to follow the same path. While Islam essentially requires the primordial importance of Allah, Hinduism has been closely attached to the sense that it is a religion that is centered on others. The same holds true for Buddhism although the religion reflects reverence to â€Å"the Awakened One† or Buddha and that Hinduism itself has its own versions of celestial entities or â€Å"Devas† as well as the concept of â€Å"Brahman† which refers to the greater Self or God. These things constitute the belief that, although Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam have parallel ideas of higher beings or divine entities, it appears that Islamic treatment for a higher being supersedes those of the other two. This can be rooted out from the fact that the scriptures of Islam and its religious followers and believers put Allah above everything else while Hinduism and Buddhism, through their yogic meditations, allow or give due importance to the self as well. This is not to say that Islam as a religion does not give due importance to its believers. It only entails the idea that Islam treats man as a being that should be placed under Allah and that Hinduism and Buddhism illustrate a rather more salient consideration for the welfare of man. Mahatma Gandhi, for example, showed his concern for others by teaching the poor exploited peasants in the region of Champaran in Bihar about the satyagraha, inquiring about their sufferings, educating them to fight for their rights and at the same time to carry out their obligations to the nation as a whole . Siddhartha, on the other hand, lived his forty-five years traveling along the country, finding sustenance on the alms given by other people after teaching the people the means that will liberate humanity from worldly sufferings . Moreover, one of the notable religious experiences of both Gandhi and Siddhartha is pegged on the idea that they both waged a â€Å"battle† in terms of forwarding their beliefs in the context of their religion. While Gandhi strived for peaceful measures—passive resistance, for example—in order to achieve his aim for a peaceful world with equality among religions and Siddhartha pushed his ideologies of liberating humanity from the worldly sufferings they experience through teaching them the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, Mohammed took a rather different approach. The fact that Mohammed engaged in jihad or in battles through the â€Å"sword† reveals the idea that Mohammed will take up arms in defending the religion against aggressors or in forwarding Islamic tenets. Thus, it can be argued that the religious experience of Mohammed, or at least the part in which he waged battles in his religious life, is distinctively different from those of Gandhi and Siddhartha. The differences in the religious experiences among the three can be largely seen on their corresponding actions and exploits during their existence and the resulting consequences it created on their religions. This also affects these religions view on disasters. Jihad is indubitably a central part of Islam; Yogic meditations play a significant role in Buddhism and Hinduism with former embracing the Middle Path and the latter guiding the lives of its believers through its sacred texts. The Qur’an greatly emphasizes the idea that Allah should be above everything else; Hinduism seeks to treat everyone and every other religion their due recognition in the sense that to each is his own truth or, at the most, God; and Buddhism’s goal is to free human beings from suffering and the cycle of rebirth and make them know the â€Å"truth†. Conclusion The religious experiences of Mahatma Gandhi, Siddhartha Gautama, and Mohammed all have a great bearing on the religions they belong to. These individuals have a large sum of contributions not only to the expansion of the reaches of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam but on the very central precepts of these religions. Although each of them has their own specific religious experiences and beliefs, and that while it may be true that each of them forwards distinctive approaches in meeting their religious goals, they all nevertheless share the parallel idea that religion is a significant section of their lives. In essence, however, their respective cultural background, geographical location, and family ties among many others have strongly shaped their religious experiences which, as a consequence, influenced their religion. Above all these, by comparing and contrasting the lives of Mohammed, Siddhartha and Gandhi, one is able to better understand some of the main—and oftentimes subtle—differences between these religions view on disasters in life. References: Aly, A. â€Å"The Life of the Prophet Muhammad†. 1999. (October 3, 1999): AT&T Knowledge Ventures. April 2008. . Borman, William. â€Å"Life, the Chief Value: Wrong Aims and Methods, and False Views. † Boyd, Stephen Blake. â€Å"Malcolm X’s Religious Pilgrimage: From Black Separatism to a Universal Way. † Redeeming Men: Religion and Masculinities. Ed. Stephen Blake Boyd. Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996. 69. Gandhi and Non-Violence. Albany, N. Y. : State University of New York Press, 1986. 200. Gandhi, Mahatma. An Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with Truth. Long Island, N. Y. : Buccaneer Books Inc, 2007. Hesse, Hermann. Siddhartha. New York: Bantam Classics, 1981. Levine, Marvin. â€Å"The Story of Siddhartha. † The Positive Psychology of Buddhism and Yoga: Paths to a Mature Happiness: With a Special Application to Handling Anger. Mahwah, N. J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. , 2000. 12. â€Å"Life of Siddhartha Gautama†. 2002. Human Ecology. April 2008. . Mahatma Gandhi: His Life in Pictures. New Delhi: The Central Electric Press, 1954. Neusner, Jacob, and Tamara Sonn. â€Å"Jihad (Islam). † Comparing Religions through Law: Judaism and Islam. New York: Routledge, 2002. 203. â€Å"Some Thoughts on the Power of Focused, Principled Hatred. † Imperial Hubris: Why the West Is Losing the War on Terror. Washington, D. C. : Brassey’s Books, 2004. 6. Swenson, Don. â€Å"The Dilemma of Delimitation: The Study of Ethos. † Society, Spirituality, and the Sacred: A Social Scientific Introduction. Peterborough, Ont. , Canada: New York Broadview Press, 1999. 255. Yob, Iris M. â€Å"Growing up Buddhist. † Keys to Interfaith Parenting. Hauppauge, N. Y. : Barron’s, 1998. 79.

Minor Disorders in Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a time when a woman’s body will go through numerous adaptations in order to accommodate the fetus. During these physiological adaptations, the organs such as spleen and liver and systems such as the endocrine and circulatory systems will be affected. A woman can experience minor disorders that are most likely the result of hormonal changes on the smooth muscle and connective tissues. This paper endeavours to describe some of the minor disorders in pregnancy in particular, heartburn (reflux oesophagitis), constipation, haemorrhoids, dermatoses and epistaxis.The major physiological reason for heartburn (reflux oesophagitis) in pregnancy is due to the relaxation of the LES(lower esophageal sphincter) and the decreased tone and mobility of the smooth muscles, which is caused from increased progesterone. As the fetus increases in size, pressure in the abdomen compounds, decreasing the angle of the gastroesophageal junction. This allows for oesophageal regurgitation, le ss time for the stomach to empty and reverse peristalsis (Blackburn 2007; Stables & Rankin 2010).The main symptoms of heartburn are a â€Å"burning sensation† in the chest or back of the throat. Other symptoms may include eructation, difficulty in swallowing, and an acid or metal taste in the mouth. In terms of advice, there are some standard measures that can alleviate symptoms. These include examining the woman’s diet and eliminating foods that might aggravate, eating smaller portions and more frequently, sleeping in upright positions and avoidance of eating closer to bedtime (Law et al. 2010; Vazquez 2010).Constipation is known to affect more that 40% of women during their pregnancy (Derbyshire, Davies & Detmar 2007). In looking at the physiological reason for constipation, increasing levels of progesterone affects bowel motility and reduces the peristaltic movement of the gastrointestinal tract. This is turn then increases the time food is passed through the gut ca using increases in electrolyte and subsequent absorption of water in the large intestine. Motilin a hormone that assists faeces to pass through the colon is also decreased by the levels of progesterone (Derbyshire, Davies & Detmar 2007).Constipation could also be the result of hyperemesis gravidarum (pernicious vomiting in pregnancy), or ingestion of prescribed iron tablets for anaemia (Tiran 2003). A diet rich in fibre and increasing fluid intake can help to ease some of the associated problems with constipation. Laxatives should only be used when dietary changes do not assist. In addition women should be advised that ignoring signs for defecation will compound symptoms (Jewell & Young 1996; Vazquez 2010). The levels of fibre and fluid consumed should be noted by healthcare professionals when attending to women (Derbyshire, Davies & Detmar 2007).Haemorrhoids occurs in pregnancy in 25 – 35% of women and in some populations it can reach 85% (Staroselsky et al. 2008). Haemorrho ids occur due to progesterone causing vasodilation in the ano-rectal area. In some cases there is a direct relationship between constipation and the formation of haemorrhoids. Main symptoms are itching, burning, swelling around the anus and bleeding. Pain with bowel movements and bleeding are often the first signs of haemorrhoids. As there is a close relationship between constipation and haemorrhoids, the advice given to women with regards to treatment would be similar to constipation.In (Staroselsky et al. 2008) it is stated that topical treatments and the use of laxatives can reduce symptoms. The integumentary system is no different to any of the other systems affected by physiological changes in pregnancy. There are a number of skin irritations that can cause discomfort to a woman during her pregnancy, but these do not harm the fetus. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone is increased by progesterone and oestrogen levels. Chloasma or â€Å"pregnancy mask† is one of the conditions to arise from hormone increases (Stables & Rankin 2010).Hyperpigmentation is the most common skin alteration in pregnancy. About 90% of women will develop linea nigra which is found running from the xiphoid process to the pubis. A common dermatoses found in pregnancy is a condition called PUPP (pruritic urticarial papules and plaques) The development of PUPP in pregnancy is 1 in 160 (Sachdeva 2008). This usually occurs in the primagravida in the third trimester and in rare cases in the first and second. In (Brzoza et al. 2007; Roth 2009) the reasons for PUPP is unclear but suggestions are made that maternal weight gain in primiparous women is the cause.Interestingly statistics show that 2. 9% of twin pregnancies and 14% of triplet pregnancies develop PUPP. It is thought, that abdominal distension, hormonal, autoimmune and change in partners (implication of paternal antigens) could attribute to the condition. Conditions such as Pemphigoid gestationis (PG), Intrahepatic cholestasis o f pregnancy (ICP), and Atopic eruption of pregnancy ( AEP) require the monitoring from dermatologists, obstetricians, midwives and other relevant healthcare practitioners as they do pose high risks to mother and baby (Brzoza et al. 007; Sachdeva 2008). With PUPP the main symptoms women complain of is an intense itching usually around the abdomen and in some cases breasts, upper thighs and arms. In the case of PUPP’s, the application of topical steroids, emollient creams and ointments may be applied and in severe cases oral treatments may be sought (Roth 2009). Epistaxis (nosebleeds) is considered a minor disorder but in one study has proven to be life threatening. Oestrogen rises, which causes hyperactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system which in turn causes nasal congestion.One of the other reasons is systemic blood pressure increases in pregnancy. Complications from nosebleeds is rare, but if not monitored could lead to haemorrhage (Hardy, Connolly & Weir 2008). In t his study a woman presented at 26 weeks with epistaxis but 48 hours later continued to bleed and surgery was the outcome. There is also evidence that chronic rhinosinusitis can lead to epistaxis. One study 44% of women between the ages of 26-30 and presenting in the third trimester appeared to have the highest incidence of epistaxis.It must be noted that though this study was conducted in a third world country where nourishment, hygiene and education are an issue, there are potential risks of epistaxis in pregnancy. (Purushothaman 2010) Maternal morbidity in pregnancy is very well researched and evidence based, but the impacts that minor disorders have on a woman’s family or her emotional state is not well documented. However, there is one such Australian study stating the impact on women. In (Gartland et al. 2010) it showed that 68% experienced multiple disorders which had a cumulative effect and therefore greater impact.What is interesting in the study was that women aged b etween 18-24, had a poor perception of health, socio-economic and education issues. In comparison to those older women who had stable relationships, well educated and better perception of health. The study demonstrated that a woman’s support network, access to professional advice and education can greatly impact her wellbeing and those around her. This assignment has explained the physiology and reasons for minor disorders in pregnancy. It is important that midwives and relevant healthcare professionals monitor women so as to prevent further complications to mother and child.The health and wellbeing of a mother and her unborn child is always the utmost priority of healthcare professionals. . References Blackburn, S. T. 2007, Maternal, fetal & neonatal physiology : a clinical perspective, 3rd edn, Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Mo. Brzoza, Z. , Kasperska-Zajac, A. , Oles, E. & Rogala, B. 2007, ‘Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy', Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 44-8. Derbyshire, E. J. , Davies, J. ; Detmar, P. 2007, ‘Changes in Bowel Function: Pregnancy and the Puerperium', Digestive Diseases and Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 324. Gartland, D. , Brown, S. , Donath, S. ; Perlen, S. 2010, ‘Women’s health in early pregnancy: Findings from an Australian nulliparous cohort study', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 413-8. Hardy, J. J. , Connolly, C. M. ; Weir, C. J. 2008, ‘Epistaxis in pregnancy – not to be sniffed at! ‘, International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 94-5. Jewell, D. ; Young, G. 1996, Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy, John Wiley ; Sons, Ltd.Law, R. , Maltepe, C. , Bozzo, P. ; Einarson, A. 2010, ‘Treatment of heartburn and acid reflux associated with nausea and vomiting during pregnancy', Can Fam Physician, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 143-4. Purushothaman, L. P. a. P. K . 2010, ‘Analysis of Epistaxis in Pregnancy', European Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 387-96. Roth, M. -M. 2009, ‘Specific Pregnancy Dermatoses', Dermatology Nursing, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 70-81. Sachdeva, S. 2008, ‘The dermatoses of pregnancy. (Review Article)', Indian Journal of Dermatology, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 103. Stables, D. ; Rankin, J. 2010, Physiology in childbearing : with anatomy and related biosciences, 3rd edn, Bailliere Tindall, Edinburgh. Staroselsky, A. , Nava-Ocampo, A. A. , Vohra, S. ; Koren, G. 2008, ‘Hemorrhoids in pregnancy', Can Fam Physician, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 189-90. Tiran, D. 2003, ‘Product focus. Self help for constipation and haemorrhoids in pregnancy', British Journal of Midwifery, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 579-81. Vazquez, J. C. 2010, ‘Constipation, haemorrhoids, and heartburn in pregnancy', Clinical Evidence.

The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield - Review

The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield - Review The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield is a rich story about secrets, ghosts, winter, books, and family. This bestseller is a book lovers book, with much of the action taking place in libraries and book stores, and the line between fact and fiction constantly blurred. It is hard to believe this is Setterfields debut novel, for she makes the words come to life with such skill that some passages even gave me chills. With a mug of cocoa and The Thirteenth Tale, contentment isnt far away. Synopsis of The Thirteenth Tale Margaret Lea works in her fathers bookstore and is haunted by a loss in her past.One night Margaret is summoned to the home of the most famous author in England to record her autobiography.Vida Winter, the author, tells a layered tale, with stories within stories, keeping Margaret (and readers) curious. Pros The writing is poetic.The characters are unique.The story is interesting, imaginative, and exciting. Cons You will want to drink lots of cocoa while reading (this is only a con for the weight conscious). The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield - Book Review The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield is reminiscent of classic British novels, like Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre. It has tragedy, romance, moors, and dark, stormy nights. In a way, The Thirteenth Tale is a homage to these and all other great works of literature. The power of books and stories is foremost in the novel, and as the main character gets lost in one story, youll find yourself lost with her in the story within a story (as well as the story surrounding the characters story). This is not a realistic book. It isnt meant to be. The aura of fairytale lends power and mystery to the writing. While place is utterly important to the book, time is not. Dont  try too hard to figure out when the novel is supposed to take place. It could just as easily have been now as a hundred years ago. Perhaps all this talk about place, time and story seems roundabout to you. Perhaps you want a synopsis of plot and a straightforward review so that you can decide whether to read this book. Heres what to expect: A good story written by a very good writer about a good story told by a very good writer. This can be a fun read for a book discussion club, especially for the autumn and winter months. See a list of questions you can explore with your book club for The Thirteenth Tale.  The audiobook version is well-received for those who prefer to listen rather than read. The book was adapted for a UK TV movie released in December 2013, starring Vanessa Redgrave and Olivia Colman. Setterfields second novel, Bellman Black, (2013) does not garner as good of reviews. Hopefully, her further works will be back up to the standard she set with her first.

Authority Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Authority - Article Example Importantly, Fromm does not have one line of thought and he is both a psychoanalyst and philosopher, and a historian and sociologist at the same time. In effect, his work cuts across these important disciplines; this makes it more balanced and informational than the work of other writers who focused on a specific discipline. Summary Written during the cold war era, and especially during the Cuban missile crisis, this essay focuses on the beguiling comfort that obedience of any form produces on human beings. In this regard, the essay posits that obedience does not contribute to sweeping changes that disobedience can provide. The essay starts with a historical cliche that has been the rallying call for obedience all through humanity. Fromm identifies the phrase â€Å"obedience is a virtue, disobedience is a vice† as a phrase that people have used overtime to assert the importance of people following authority, which the essay highlights as obedience in an irrational form. Howeve r, Fromm introduces a departure from this common viewpoint by introducing a divergent view that highlights the importance of disobedience among human beings. This article postulates that all the great achievements and strides that human beings have made are a result of disobedience. Hence, the article suggests that â€Å"human history started with an act of disobedience, and it is not unlikely that it will be terminated by an act of obedience† (Fromm 683). ... Consequently, this ushered in the importance of disobedience since it contributed to the advancement of human history. On the other hand, Prometheus stole from the gods in an act of disobedience and consequently laid the foundation for civilization according to Greek mythology. (Fromm 684). These Greek and Hebrew myths set the pace for humanity’s evolution with the two instructively being acts of disobedience. Fromm further highlights other cases that indicate man’s evolution based on disobedience, and suggests that disobedience might destroy civilization in the future. In this case disobedience has resulted to revolutions that have established institutions that govern people. Furthermore, from does not negate obedience as a vice in its entirety. He suggests the importance of ensuring that an individual strikes a balance between obeying some principles and disobeying others in order to subscribe to a cause. This way, Fromm indicates that an individual does not become a rebel with a cause or a slave by obeying the powers that be that purport obedience as a way of achieving success and power. Analysis Based on Fromm’s work, it is evident that human beings’ achievement in terms of civilization would appear implausible without disobedience. In line with this, all the strides that are evident today are due to the great men and women who have made history by disobeying and behaving outside the expected norms in order to achieve their objectives. For example, the freedoms that people experience today are a result of various people going against the grain to agitate for freedom and autonomy from the powers that be, which are for the maintenance of the status quo with courageous people advocating for

Models of Instructional Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Models of Instructional Design - Essay Example The main models of instructional design are conceptualizing instructional design, a stimulus-response-reinforcement model and cognitive learning theory. Conceptualizing instructional design was developed by Gagne and Briggs during the 1970s. Thos theory incorporates cognitive theory popular during this period of time. Gagne and Briggs defined a set of requirements for instructional design systems, including that the system (a) must be designed for the individual, (b) should include immediate and long-range phases, (c) should substantially affect individual development, and (d) must be based on knowledge of how people learn (Gagn & Briggs, 1974). Their theory was based on a set of capabilities, or learning outcomes, that students would acquire through instruction. These outcomes were classified into five categories: verbal information, intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, motor skills, and attitude. The second theory of instructional design is based on behavior characteristics and behavior patterns. A stimulus-response-reinforcement model was developed during the 1960s and was based on behaviorist learning theories. Studies sought to determine the most effective means of implementing a stimulus-response-reinforcement model to ensure that the prescribed learning outcomes would be achieved. A major goal of research centered around a behaviorist task analysis and the development of behavioral objectives for learning (Tennyson, 1972 cited Jonassen et al 1989). The third theory selected for analysis was developed during 1980s and influenced by new concepts and investigations in the field of cognitive psychology. Tennyson and Rasch (1988) offered a theory of instructional design that directly attaches specific allocations of instructional time to desired educational objectives and goals. They prescribed an instructional design theory that links cognitive learning theory with appropriate instructional strategies. By allocating time across a range of objectives they blended the structured and discovery approaches. In the acquisition of knowledge both structured and discovery strategies are employed. Although their goal was improving employment of knowledge, they specified both group and individual situations to help learners elaborate and extend their individual knowledge bases and cognitive processes (Scandura & Scandura 1980). In contrast to two previous theories, cognitive learning theory explains mental processes and takes into account thinking and perception processes. In contrast to this theory the goals of the behavioral analysis were on identifying small, incremental tasks or subskills that the learner needed to acquire for successful completion of the instruction, designing specific objectives that would lead to the acquisition of those subskills, and sequencing subskill acquisition in the order that would most efficiently lead to successful learner outcomes (Scandura & Scandura 1980). Also important to researchers' investigations was the search for variables of individual differences. The goal from this perspective is the development of instructional programs that would enable the majority of students to achieve levels of performance that were predetermined in terms of behaviorally defined objectives (Jonassen et al 198

Corporate Structures and Governance Arrangements Coursework

Corporate Structures and Governance Arrangements - Coursework Example In the pre-bureaucratic corporate structure, there is a centralized structure with the role of strategic decision making left to the top management leaders, which is the best for solving very simple problems. This system is very common among the small corporate and mostly communication is done on one-on-one basis. Though, it lacks a fundamental role, that is, standardization of roles and responsibility, the consequences of this structure on managerial accountability is that it helps the strategic director to influence and control development and growth of the corporate organization2. How Appointment Rights and Removal Rights Differ and Their Consequences Having looked at the Hampel Report, one comes to consensus that corporate structures and governance arrangement vary from one country, an individual can use the same rights differ across the jurisdiction. The main explanation for this is that the structure of a particular and how it is governed would define how decisions and appointm ent rights come about in that particular corporation and as a result each decision comes about with its consequences3. It is how rights are allocated that would ensure that the corporation gives quality performance. For example, in a corporate structure where decision rights and appointments are left in the hands of the shareholders, there is a common tendency that the organisation would experience some positive effects in its operations. That is, the shareholders are at times driven by the desire to reap the highest revenues and profits from the company4. Therefore, it would make sure the appointment and removal of directors from the corporation is done in a transparent way and the appointments done based on merit. In countries where decision making and appointment rights are left to the chief executive officer because he/she has broader business knowledge than the shareholders. The main argument for the proponents of this structure is that the chief executive officer knows how eff ective the mangers are in their daily business operations. In fact, they know when and how to make strategic decisions. However, the consequences of this structure are that it takes a lot of time to transfer certain decision making information to the rest of the organisation. It is also tedious to make all the decisions by oneself, and in case of the appointment and dismissal of directors, then one can consider the action taken to be personal and bias, and this can bring about some unnecessary, tension, conflict and tension in the organisation5. Another different structure is that which foresees all the decisions and appointment rights based on the management, especially if the corporation is a family enterprise. This method is always considered cheaper in terms of experts/employees hiring costs. However, this structure and governance arrangement has its own demerits. Despite the savings on expenditure, decision making in this case is guided more by emotions and this out rightly aff ects the corporation negatively6. It also seeks to over centralize powers and rights to make decisions to the family members, this would mean that there might be lack of relevant information flowing down to other stakeholders of the corporation. However, it is important to note that decision rights and appointments have their own effects. Therefore, one should not be

Law & Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Law & Ethics - Essay Example Before any nurse, whether enrolled or registered can do anything to another person, there are some legal requirements that they need to understand. The first legal issue is consent. Consent refers to permission to do something. Before a nurse does anything to another person or a patient, it is a legal requirement that the other party or patient agrees and gives permission for such an act to be carried out (Larson, 2003). When the nurse does something against the will of the patient, it is considered to be coercion. More often, a dilemma arises when the patient refuses care that the nurse thinks is necessary. However, in such situations, the nursing guidelines indicate that it is still important to get consent from the patient. In other situations where the patient may be mentally incapacitated, the family or the guardians may give the consent on behalf of the patient. Restrain is the other legal requirement and is greatly related to consent (Engberg et al, 2008). Restraint is any action or device that is designed or intended to prevent free movement of body parts. Some patients require restraint in cases where it may be deemed necessary, such as when the patient gets violent. However, there is a relation between restrain and patient consent. Before the patient is restrained by the nurse using any device or technique, due consideration and consent of the patient must be taken into account. In the Case Study, Mrs. Davis verbally objects to being restrained. Despite this, the registered nurse goes ahead to restrain the patient against her will. This is against the nursing and service delivery guidelines. As a result of the act, Mrs. Davis falls and suffers injuries that later lead to her death. This again leads to another legal issue that relates to patient care. This other legal issue is battery. Battery occurs when physical harm results due to negligence or unprofessionalism on the side of the care

Sikh Culture and Community in New Zealand

Sikh Culture and Community in New Zealand Davinder Kumar  Ã‚   The title of my analytical report is Sikhism. It related with the whole Punjabis people which lives in the New Zealand. Sikhism community provides some basic needs of Punjabi community like social help, health related help and employment services. The main purpose of my analytical report is making our community better and make some changes in our community, create new plans which is more helpful to our Sikhism community. With the help of this report we try to find out some problems which related to health, economic, social and culture, education of Punjabis. Also, find the good solutions for solve these types of problems. Because its all about the good development of our Punjabi community. I take some youngsters, old Punjabi people, children, other culture peoples whose interested within the Punjabi culture as an audience. After taking the audience our Sikhism community shared with the visions and values with them and told them about our communitys policies, government policies with all rules and regulation and asked the audience give us to your feedback about our Sikhism community. The scope of our analytical report is providing all kind help to all people whos interested in Punjabis culture. Our main scopes are providing Punjabi languages classes for interested people, solving jobs problems for international students and solved the economic and social problems. Sikhism planning some goals to achieve with this report: Give knowledge to Punjabis about Sikh culture. Making good relationship between New Zealand government and Punjabis with giving information about how to live in New Zealand, Follow the all rules and regulations etc. Leading the importance of Punjabi education and providing the best skills to our Punjabi people. The Punjabi people will be able to benefit support services such as fitness programs, music classes and health clinic. We want to involve youth membership for knowing about how to get in touch with our Punjabi community and how we provide social and economic services to find their purpose in life. Information to collect Methods intended to use Approval Via email and phone Information related to organisation Websites Skills Internet Structure Internet Public opinion Members According to my collected information and the method intended to use for collecting the information. The all information related with my organization. I have search a lot how we can provide better services to people and impact of the influences on the internet and external influence. I am also getting information about the Punjabis social, economic, health and culture. This information is collected from the Sikhisms website and some information get from another internet websites. Sikhism makes a plan with the help of the analytical report for solving the big problems which related with Punjabis education, culture, economic, social and health factors. Sikhism community wants to leading and following the all rules and regulation which made by New Zealand government, it will help to manage the good relationship between government and Punjabis. we are also wants to provide a good education to our Punjabi people, as well as opportunities, after getting the better education they will know about the Punjabis history and after getting the opportunities the Punjabis will be able to get health facilities, also social and economic facilities. The first Sikhism community developed in year 1964 in New Zealand, in Hamilton. Then the second community developed in Otahuhu in 1986. This report shows about some problems facing by the Punjabi peoples related with the social, economic, health, study, occupation and culturally and some demonstrates how some Punjabi business can be placed through our services. needs of Punjabi community. Nowadays, our company is also considered as a role model for other companies. Our company also provide shelter to the homeless people. Our main aim is to fulfill the basic needs of Punjabi community. Because from recent years we have seen many skills and interest. To explore their skills our company is doing many efforts we are providing many facilities to them for example education like Sikhism community is providing the Punjabi languages classes to those people who interested to learn Punjabi language. On the other hand, Sikhism community provide jobs for Punjabi people who live in the New Zealand . The Sikhism community available in the all Sikh temples which is in the New Zealand. So, every person can have connected with the Sikhism community easily. Sikhism community is one of the best community for Punjabi people. Our community serve the people by providing them free food and shelter. Our company also arrange many camps and welfare programs to solve their problems our company not only solve the problem of Sikh people we also welcome every people from any religion. Our company provide all information to people related to health, culture, social and economic. We also conduct many surveys to know the roots of problem which they are facing. Our staff also help the people to get job they train them. Everyone can ask freely their problems to the Sikhism communitys people and they will help to solve the problem. Sikhism provides the free food for all people at the Sikh temples and at any time people can go to Sikh temples and eat food. There are many people in New Zealand who cannot buy food for them self so they can go to Sikh temples for eating food. There are many community partners who help for running the community services with money and other useful things. Sikhism community collaboration with many community partners, shares a vision, history, roots of Punjabi culture and interaction of values and protocols in Punjabi culture. We have many Punjabis family who work in our community and there are many other people like kiwis, Fiji Indians and from another religion. In this report, we find some issues and problems of Punjabi people regarding with the health, economic, culture and jobs. We also find those people who interested for learning the Punjabi language. In this modern era, New Zealand is developing fast day by day with the technology and other different methods. So, there are many changes occurring in the life style of Punjabis according to their regular basics needs related to the Punjabi culture, health, social and economic issues and education also. As we find some other problems like some Punjabi people are very poor they cannot manage their children school fees with their salary. So, we provide a free education for those children. Some Punjabi people are week from their economically condition, while some have a not job for earning money for buy their daily basics needs. They were struggling due to the school fees are very expensive and their income is very low. So, how they can afford the medical and educational cots including cost of the daily food and travelling. We also find out there are not whole Punjabi people stuck in these type of problems, but there are many homeless Punjabis in the Auckland. So, Sikhism community provide the residence for those homeless people in the Sikh temple and food as well. Our community arrange meetings every week for discuss about how to helps the poor and homeless people. Sikhism community also provide jobs for jobless people in this way those people can afford school fees for their children, money for buy daily basics. Punjabi people can get some social helps from our company to make their economically strong. We planning for making the new site for people where they can me et Sikhism community members and they share their every problem with the members and experience. Also, making some health center for those people. There is some external factor which effects form outside the organization and our Sikhism community work according with these external factors- Rules and regulation Our community members work according to the company rules and regulation and also follow the rule and regulation which is set by the New Zealand government. We didnt share with anyone the peoples personal information and problems. Public opinion- firstly, we taking public opinion then we discuss about those ideas and at the end we will take set regarding their problems. Technology- we have a good and updated technology which help to keeps the all records about the people and we also provide new technology to those children which are learning in Sikhism community. Sikhism community work according some internal factors- Employees Strength: The employees are very important part for every company. If employee are goods in one company so the company running good and better otherwise if the members are bad so those company cant growth properly. Financial System: Financial system is also important in every community if any community have good financial supporter they will give good services to the people. And Sikhism community have a many Punjabi financial supporters which gives the money for running the community. At the end, In my opinion say Punjabis have many problems related to the social, economic, homeless and education. Sikhism community provide good services for these people it is good. They provide lots of the services like education, health clinic, homes, foods and jobs also. The good thing is every people can go to the Sikh temple and get these facilities. I want to suggest some things like Sikhism community should make more good relationship with the New Zealand government to getting the economic help for running the community and in this way the government can understand the all Punjabi peoples problems. They should more better services and training to their staff members for solving the other people problems easily and in better way. They should share the all reports with their staff members and with those people who give financial support to the community in the meeting because in this way the community system running better. Sikhism community should also keep ready to solve every problem and get up to date with new technology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhism_in_New_Zealand www.google.com/sikhism www.sikhism.co.nz

An Unsuitable Job For A Woman: Two Detectives :: essays research papers

While reading, An Unsuitable Job for a Woman, by P.D. James and Indemnity Only, by Sara Paretsky, one is given the opportunity to slip in to the life of a female private detective and experience the aspects of what occurs during the process of a murder investigation as seem through the eyes of two very independent women. P.D. James’s character of Cordelia Gray and Sara Paretsky’s character of V.I. Warshawski are two private investigators that display great passion for their jobs and will stop at nothing in order to close their cases. But, are inexperienced Cordelia Gary and wisecracking Warshawski prime examples of private investigators or are they two naà ¯ve women who have entered an occupation where compassion and sympathy are two traits that are better left unused. Both Cordelia and Warshawski display great ability as women to enter a world of hate, lies and murder and take on roles that traditionally only men dared to enter. But, as they sift though evidence left behind by unknown assailants and pry into the lives of dead and living strangers, are these women really living lives of their own or are they becoming to emotionally entangled in a web of self destruction. Putting their lives in harms way in search of justice, an oath that they as private detectives have never took. Both women are clearly excellent detectives; they solved their cases and reaped the self-gratification that comes from hard work and determination. In spite of that, are these two women really doing themselves any justice by restraining from the certain pleasures in life they yearn to experience and enjoy but have sustained from due to the career choice they have chosen, as seem in Cordelia’s reflection of what her life may have been like if she had chosen to attend an university and Warshawski’s reflection in the park of the mother and her children. Both women are still at an age where these reflections can still become reality, yet they have chosen to continue pursuing a career that hampers their ability to achieve these personal goals. Maybe their becoming to emotionally involved in their cases is a result of their search for a way to compensate for the void their career choice has left in their lives. Both Cordelia and Warshawski became a little too preoccupied with their cases. Cordelia became so involved she was sleeping in the same house in which the murder occurred, not to mention the same bed as the deceased and she even began wearing the clothes of the young man whom she was investigating the murder of.